EMERGENCY PROVISIONS

 

  • Emergency provisions are contained in Part XVIII of the constitution, from articles 352 to 360
  • These provisions have been included to safeguard the sovereignty, unity, integrity and security of the country, the democratic political system and the constitution
  • During emergency, central government becomes all powerful and states are in the complete control of the union
  • The federal structure becomes unitary without a formal amendment to the constitution
  • Types of classification
    • Article 352: An emergency due to war, external aggression or armed rebellion. This is famously referred to as National Emergency. However, the constitution refers to this using the expression ‘proclamation of emergency’ to denote an emergency like this
    • Article 356: This emergency is imposed due to failure of the constitutional machinery. It is known as ‘President’s rule’, ‘State emergency’, ‘and Constitutional emergency’. The constitution does not use the term emergency in this context though
    • Article 360: This is imposed when there is a threat to the financial stability or credit of India

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